Awareness of the effects of small-scale cassava mill effluent on the environment in Ika North East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria.

The threat of environmental pollution in Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta region, cannot be solely ascribed to oil spillages; rather, it also encompasses the discharge of cassava mill effluent (CME), frequently disposed off in an unregulated manner. Existing studies on CME have focused on its potential environmental consequences on soil characteristics, microbial populations, and heavy metal levels. There is limited study on the awareness of the impact of CME on the environment. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on CME by examining the awareness of its effect on the environment in Ika North East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The study used interviews, observation, and questionnaires administered to 399 respondents for data collection. A Student t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were employed to analyse the data in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results revealed limited awareness, with 51.3% unaware of CME's environmental impact. Slight, moderate, and extreme awareness were reported by 7.5%, 17.3%, and 23.8%, respectively. Gender's influence on awareness was insignificant, but age showed a significant influence (p < 0.05), while education, occupation, and income correlated positively with awareness (p < 0.001). The source of information significantly predicted awareness (r = -0.727, p < 0.001). It indicates that gender's influence on awareness might depend on education levels. Socio-economic factors are strongly related to awareness. Reliable information sources are vital for understanding CME's environmental impact. The study underscores the need for enhanced environmental education and reliable information dissemination to promote sustainable practices. [Abstract copyright: © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.]