Narratives of psychosis-like experiences: an exploration of trauma, attachment and how people manage

Background
The trauma–psychosis relationship is well established via the dose–response hypothesis, including the connection between traumatic experiences and psychosis-like experiences (PLE). PLE are commonly associated with childhood trauma and this relationship has been found to be influenced by attachment. Secure attachment can help people manage trauma and, as psychosis can be understood as a trauma-response, secure attachment may also be protective for those with PLE.

Methods
This study narratively explored traumatic experiences and PLE in the general population. Nine participants, with experience of trauma/adversity and PLEs, and self-defined as “managing well” undertook a narrative interview. Narrative analysis explored how their difficult experiences were managed, through the lens of attachment.

Results
Common narratives included escape, endurance, overcoming and exploration. Relationships were mostly depicted as helping people manage their experiences, however, unhelpful relationships could understandably exacerbate distress.

Discussion
The study highlights areas of consideration for clinical practice, including drawing attention to the value of providing space to hear the stories of those who have experienced trauma and PLE.