Patients perceptions of the causes of migraine in Flanders (Belgium): A qualitative study

Objectives: The aim of this study was to obtain the views of patients in Flanders on migraine and to examine the ways they deal with it. Elucidation of patients’ perceptions of what causes a migraine may facilitate its treatment and management. Ascertaining the sources that patients consult and seek advice will assist in the development of efficient patient education.

Background: The prevalence of migraine among the Belgian population is more than 10 per cent. In Flanders and Brussels migraine accounts for an estimated 1,150,000 days of sick leave every year. Despite its considerable impact qualitative studies of patients’ perceptions of the causes of migraine, and their sources of information and advice are still scarce.

Methods: This was a qualitative study of 10 migraine sufferers that used semi-structured interviews. A systematic qualitative methodology was applied to the fully transcribed interviews. Close reading of each interview transcript was used to generate codes that formed the basis of a classification of potential domains and items that shaped the analysis as themes emerged.

Results: Younger patients most commonly related migraine to stomach, intestinal or bile problems and older patients to problems with cerebral perfusion. Respondents indicated that they obtained information from their general practitioner but also from popular views. Based on these beliefs and perceptions patients attempted to define the ‘ultimate trigger’ in order to reduce their migraine attacks. The study showed that false theories about the causes of migraine are rife among migraine sufferers and identified a need for earlier diagnosis and more reliable information.

Conclusions: This study raised awareness about the importance of health promotion and the need for concrete, practical information and well-organized patient education.