The design and validation of a low-cost trans perineal (TP) prostate biopsy simulator for training: improving trainees' confidence and cognitive targeting skills.

The aim of this research was to create a novel and low-cost TP prostate biopsy simulator that has face, content and construct validity with high educational value. This research developed a trans perineal prostate (TP) biopsy simulator using 3D-printed moulds and tissue-mimicking materials. Important regions (anterior, mid, and posterior zones) were coded with different colours. Ultrasound visible abnormal lesions were embedded in the prostate phantom. Expert and novice participants in TP biopsies were recruited. Essential skills were identified through the consensus of six experts. These skills were assessed through tasks performed by participants. This included the accuracy and timing of systematic and target biopsies. Immediate feedback was determined by the colour of the biopsy cores taken. A survey was distributed to evaluate its realism and educational value. The material cost of one simulator was £7.50. This simulator was proven to have face, content, and construct validity. There was a significant difference (p = 0.02) in the accuracy of systematic biopsies between both experts and novices. Significant difference was also observed (p = 0.01), in accurately identifying target lesion on ultrasound between both groups. Participants rated the overall realism of the simulator 4.57/5 (range 3-5). 100% of the experts agreed that introducing this simulator to training will be beneficial. 85.7% of the participants strongly agree that the simulator improved their confidence in TP biopsies. There is value in integrating this proof-of-concept TP prostate biopsy simulator into training. It has highly rated educational value and has face, content, and construct validity. [Abstract copyright: © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.]