The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: a systematic review

Philip Hurst; Attila Szabo; Florentina Hettinga; Bart Roelands; Abby Foad; Damian Coleman; C. Beedie; l. Schiphof-Godart; J. Raglin; A. Lane

doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098

The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: a systematic review

Philip Hurst
, Attila Szabo
, Florentina Hettinga
, Bart Roelands
, Abby Foad
, Damian Coleman
, C. Beedie
, l. Schiphof-Godart
, J. Raglin
, A. Lane

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus.

Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: 1) nutritional and 2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1,513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Sport Science
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098
Publication status	Published - 15 Aug 2019

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Belief; effectiveness; motor; nocebo; nutrition; supplements

Access to Document

10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098

18339_Submission - clean copy.pdfFinal published version, 876 KB

Cite this

@article{e36c5f6a386e49d6b73cad8eb83d9505,

title = "The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: a systematic review",

abstract = "The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: 1) nutritional and 2) mechanical. Cohen{\textquoteright}s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1,513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.",

keywords = "Belief; effectiveness; motor; nocebo; nutrition; supplements",

author = "Philip Hurst and Attila Szabo and Florentina Hettinga and Bart Roelands and Abby Foad and Damian Coleman and C. Beedie and l. Schiphof-Godart and J. Raglin and A. Lane",

year = "2019",

month = aug,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098",

language = "English",

journal = "European Journal of Sport Science",

issn = "1746-1391",

publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: a systematic review

AU - Hurst, Philip

AU - Szabo, Attila

AU - Hettinga, Florentina

AU - Roelands, Bart

AU - Foad, Abby

AU - Coleman, Damian

AU - Beedie, C.

AU - Schiphof-Godart, l.

AU - Raglin, J.

AU - Lane, A.

PY - 2019/8/15

Y1 - 2019/8/15

N2 - The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: 1) nutritional and 2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1,513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.

AB - The aim of this review was to determine the magnitude of the placebo and nocebo effect on sport performance. Articles published before March 2019 were located using Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Scopus. Studies that examined placebo and nocebo effects of an objective dependent variable on sports performance, which included a control or baseline condition, were included in the analysis. Studies were classified into two categories of ergogenic aids: 1) nutritional and 2) mechanical. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated from 32 studies involving 1,513 participants. Small to moderate placebo effects were found for both placebo (d = 0.36) and nocebo (d = 0.37) effects and when separated by nutritional (d = 0.35) and mechanical (d = 0.47) ergogenic aids. The pooled effect size revealed a small to moderate effect size across all studies (d = 0.38). Results suggest that placebo and nocebo effects can exert a small to moderate effect on sports performance.

KW - Belief; effectiveness; motor; nocebo; nutrition; supplements

U2 - 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098

DO - 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655098

M3 - Article

SN - 1746-1391

JO - European Journal of Sport Science

JF - European Journal of Sport Science

ER -

The placebo and nocebo effect on sports performance: a systematic review

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this